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CH¦¥NG I: NH÷NG VÊN §Ò CHUNG VÒ AN TOµN LAO §éng
1 kh¸I niÖm chung
I.Kh¸i niÖm vÒ b¶o hé lao ®éng:
-B¶o hé lao ®éng lµ m«n khoa häc nghiªn cøu c¸c vÊn ®Ò hÖ thèng c¸c v¨n b¶n ph¸p luËt, c¸c
biÖn ph¸p vÒ tæ chøc kinh tÕ-x· héi vµ khoa häc c«ng nghÖ ®Ó c¶i tiÕn ®iÒu kiÖn lao ®éng
nh»m:
· B¶o vÖ søc khoÎ, tÝnh m¹ng con ng−êi trong lao ®éng.
· N©ng cao n¨ng suÊt, chÊt l−îng s¶n phÈm.
· B¶o vÖ m«i tr−êng lao ®éng nãi riªng vµ m«i tr−êng sinh th¸i nãi chung → gãp phÇn
c¶i thiÖn ®êi sèng vËt chÊt vµ tinh thÇn cña ng−êi lao ®éng.
-Tõ kh¸i niÖm trªn cã thÓ thÊy râ tÝnh ph¸p lý, tÝnh khoa häc, tÝnh quÇn chóng cña c«ng t¸c
b¶o hé lao ®éng lu«n g¾n bã mËt thiÕt víi nhau vµ néi dung cña c«ng t¸c b¶o hé lao ®éng
nhÊt thiÕt ph¶i thÓ hiÖn ®Çy ®ñ c¸c tÝnh chÊt trªn.
II.Môc ®Ých b¶o hé lao ®éng:
-B¶o ®¶m cho mäi ng−êi lao ®éng nh÷ng ®iÒu kiÖn lµm viÖc an toµn, vÖ sinh, thuËn lîi vµ tiÖn
nghi nhÊt.
-Kh«ng ngõng n©ng cao n¨ng suÊt lao ®éng, t¹o nªn cuéc sèng h¹nh phóc cho ng−êi lao
®éng.
-Gãp phÇn vµo viÖc b¶o vÖ vµ ph¸t triÓn bÒn v÷ng nguån nh©n lùc lao ®éng.
-Nh»m tho¶ m·n nhu cÇu ngµy cµng t¨ng cña con ng−êi mµ tr−íc hÕt lµ cña ng−êi lao ®éng.
⇒ §©y còng lµ chÝnh s¸ch ®Çu t− cho chiÕn l−îc ph¸t triÓn kinh tÕ, x· héi trong sù nghiÖp
c«ng nghiÖp ho¸, hiÖn ®¹i ho¸ ®Êt n−íc.
III.ý nghÜa cña c«ng t¸c b¶o hé lao ®éng:
1-ý nghÜa vÒ mÆt chÝnh trÞ:
-Lµm tèt c«ng t¸c b¶o hé lao ®éng sÏ gãp phÇn vµo viÖc còng cè lùc l−îng s¶n xuÊt vµ ph¸t
triÓn quan hÖ s¶n xuÊt.
-Ch¨m lo ®Õn søc khoÎ, tÝnh m¹ng, ®êi sèng cña ng−êi lao ®éng
-X©y dùng ®éi ngò c«ng nh©n lao ®éng v÷ng m¹nh c¶ vÒ sè l−îng vµ thÓ chÊt.
2-ý nghÜa vÒ mÆt ph¸p lý:
-B¶o hé lao ®éng mang tÝnh ph¸p lý v× mäi chñ tr−¬ng cña §¶ng, Nhµ n−íc, c¸c gi¶i ph¸p
khoa häc c«ng nghÖ, c¸c biÖn ph¸p tæ chøc x· héi ®Òu ®−îc thÓ chÕ ho¸ b»ng c¸c quy ®Þnh
luËt ph¸p.
-Nã b¾t buéc mäi tæ chøc, mäi ng−êi sö dông lao ®éng còng nh− ng−êi lao ®éng thùc hiÖn.
3-ý nghÜa vÒ mÆt khoa häc:
-§−îc thÓ hiÖn ë c¸c gi¶i ph¸p khoa häc kü thuËt ®Ó lo¹i trõ c¸c yÕu tè nguy hiÓm vµ cã h¹i
th«ng qua viÖc ®iÒu tra, kh¶o s¸t, ph©n tÝch vµ ®¸nh gi¸ ®iÒu kiÖn lao ®éng, biÖn ph¸p kü
thuËt an toµn, phßng ch¸y ch÷a ch¸y, kü thuËt vÖ sinh, xö lý « nhiÔm m«i tr−êng lao ®éng,
ph−¬ng tiÖn b¶o vÖ c¸ nh©n.![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image002.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image008.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image010.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image011.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) 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-2-
-ViÖc øng dông c¸c tiÕn bé kü thuËt, khoa häc c«ng nghÖ tiªn tiÕn ®Ó phßng ngõa, h¹n chÕ tai
n¹n lao ®éng x¶y ra.
-Nã cßn liªn quan trùc tiÕp ®Õn b¶o vÖ m«i tr−êng sinh th¸i, v× thÕ ho¹t ®éng khoa häc vÒ b¶o
hé lao ®éng gãp phÇn quyÕt ®Þnh trong viÖc gi÷ g×n m«i tr−êng trong s¹ch.
4-ý nghÜa vÒ tÝnh quÇn chóng:
-Nã mang tÝnh quÇn chóng v× ®ã lµ c«ng viÖc cña ®«ng ®¶o nh÷ng ng−êi trùc tiÕp tham gia
vµo qu¸ tr×nh s¶n xuÊt. Hä lµ ng−êi cã kh¶ n¨ng ph¸t hiÖn vµ ®Ò xuÊt lo¹i bá c¸c yÕu tè cã h¹i
vµ nguy hiÓm ngay chç lµm viÖc.
-Mäi c¸n bé qu¶n lý, khoa häc kü thuËt... ®Òu cã tr¸ch nhiÖm tham gia vµo viÖc thùc hiÖn c¸c
nhiÖm vô cña c«ng t¸c b¶o hé lao ®éng.
-Ngoµi ra c¸c ho¹t ®éng quÇn chóng nh− phong trµo thi ®ua, tuyªn truyÒn, héi thi, héi thao,
giao l−u liªn quan ®Õn an toµn lao ®éng ®Òu gãp phÇn quan träng vµo viÖc c¶i thiÖn kh«ng
ngõng ®iÒu kiÖn lµm viÖc, tai n¹n lao ®éng, bÖnh nghÒ nghiÖp.
2 néi dung b¶o hé lao ®éng vµ nh÷ng quan ®IÓm trong c«ng t¸c b¶o
hé lao ®éng
I.Néi dung cña b¶o hé lao ®éng:
-B¶o hé lao ®éng gåm 4 phÇn:
1) LuËt ph¸p b¶o hé lao ®éng: lµ nh÷ng quy ®Þnh vÒ chÕ ®é, thÓ lÖ b¶o hé lao ®éng nh−:
Giê giÊc lµm viÖc vµ nghØ ng¬i.
B¶o vÖ vµ båi d−ìng søc khoÎ cho c«ng nh©n.
ChÕ ®é lao ®éng ®èi víi n÷ c«ng nh©n viªn chøc.
Tiªu chuÈn quy ph¹m vÒ kü thuËt an toµ vµ vÖ sinh lao ®éng.
→LuËt lÖ b¶o hé lao ®éng ®−îc x©y dùng trªn c¬ së yªu cÇu thùc tÕ cña quÇn chóng lao
®éng, c¨n c− vµo tr×nh ®é ph¸t triÓn kinh tÕ, tr×nh ®é khoa häc ®−îc söa ®æi, bæ sung dÇn dÇn
thÝch hîp víi hoµn c¶nh s¶n xuÊt trong tõng thêi kú kinh tÕ cña ®Êt n−íc.
2) VÖ sinh lao ®éng: nhiÖm vô cña vÖ sinh lao ®éng lµ:
Nghiªn cøu ¶nh h−ëng cña m«i tr−êng vµ ®iÒu kiÖn lao ®éng s¶n xuÊt lªn c¬ thÓ con
ng−êi.
§Ò ra nh÷ng biÖn ph¸p vÒ y tÕ vÖ sinh nh»m lo¹i trõ vµ h¹n chÕ ¶nh h−ëng cña c¸c
nh©n tè ph¸t sinh nh÷ng nguyªn nh©n g©y bÖnh nghÒ nghiÖp trong s¶n xuÊt.
3) Kü thuËt an toµn lao ®éng:
Nghiªn cøu ph©n tÝch c¸c nguyªn nh©n chÊn th−¬ng, sù phßng tr¸nh tai n¹n lao ®éng
trong s¶n xuÊt, nh»m b¶o ®¶m an toµn s¶n xuÊt vµ b¶o hé lao ®éng cho c«ng nh©n.
§Ò ra vµ ¸p dông c¸c biÖn ph¸p tæ chøc vµ kü thuËt cÇn thiÕt nh»m t¹o ®iÒu kiÖn lµm
viÖc an toµn cho ng−êi lao ®éng ®Ó ®¹t hiÖu qu¶ cao nhÊt.
4) Kü thuËt phßng ch¸y ch÷a ch¸y:
Nghiªn cøu ph©n tÝch c¸c nguyªn nh©n ch¸y, næ trªn c«ng tr−êng.
T×m ra biÖn ph¸p phßng ch¸y, ch÷a ch¸y cã hiÖu qu¶ nhÊt.
H¹n chÕ sù thiÖt h¹i thÊp nhÊt do ho¶ ho¹n g©y ra.![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image002.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image008.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image010.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image011.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) 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-3-
-C¸c kh¸i niÖm c¸c thuËt ng÷ d−íi ®©y ®· ®−îc quèc tÕ ho¸ vµ ®−îc sö dông trong c¸c v¨n
b¶n trªn:
1) An toµn lao ®éng: t×nh tr¹ng ®iÒu kiÖn lao ®éng kh«ng g©y nguy hiÓm trong s¶n xuÊt.
2) §iÒu kiÖn lao ®éng: tæng thÓ c¸c yÕu tè kinh tÕ, x· héi , tæ chøc, kü thuËt, tù nhiªn thÓ
hiÖn qua quy tr×nh c«ng nghÖ, c«ng cô lao ®éng, ®èi t−îng lao ®éng, m«i tr−êng lao
®éng, con ng−êi lao ®éng vµ sù t¸c ®éng qua l¹i gi÷a chóng, t¹o ®iÒu kiÖn ho¹t ®éng
cña con ng−êi trong qu¸ tr×nh s¶n xuÊt.
3) Yªu cÇu an toµn lao ®éng: c¸c yªu cÇu cÇn ph¶i ®−îc thùc hiÖn nh»m ®¶m b¶o an toµn
lao ®éng.
4) Sù nguy hiÓm trong s¶n xuÊt: kh¶ n¨ng t¸c ®éng cña c¸c yÕu tè nguy hiÓm vµ cã h¹i
trong s¶n xuÊt ®èi víi ng−êi lao ®éng.
5) YÕu tè nguy hiÓm trong s¶n xuÊt: kh¶ n¨ng t¸c ®éng cña g©y chÊn th−¬ng cho ng−êi
lao ®éng trong s¶n xuÊt.
6) YÕu tè cã h¹i trong s¶n xuÊt: kh¶ n¨ng t¸c ®éng cña g©y bÖnh cho ng−êi lao ®éng
trong s¶n xuÊt.
7) An toµn cña thiÕt bÞ s¶n xuÊt: tÝnh chÊt cña thiÕt bÞ b¶o ®¶m ®−îc t×nh tr¹ng an toµn
khi thùc hiÖn c¸c chøc n¨ng ®· quy ®Þnh trong ®iÒu kiÖn x¸c ®Þnh vµ trong thêi gian
quy ®Þnh.
8) An toµn cña quy tr×nh s¶n xuÊt: tÝnh chÊt cña quy tr×nh s¶n xuÊt b¶o ®¶m ®−îc t×nh
tr¹ng an toµn khi thùc hiÖn c¸c th«ng sè ®· cho trong suèt thêi gian quy ®Þnh.
9) Ph−¬ng tiÖn b¶o vÖ ng−êi lao ®éng: dïng ®Ó phßng ngõa hoÆc lµm gi¶m t¸c ®éng cña
c¸c yÕu tè nguy hiÓm vµ cã h¹i trong s¶n xuÊt ®èi víi ng−êi lao ®éng.
10)Kü thuËt an toµn: hÖ thèng c¸c biÖn ph¸p vµ ph−¬ng tiÖn vÒ tæ chøc vµ kü thuËt nh»m
phßng ngõa sù t¸c ®éng cña c¸c yÕu tè nguy hiÓm trong s¶n xuÊt ®èi víi ng−êi lao
®éng.
11)VÖ sinh s¶n xuÊt: hÖ thèng c¸c biÖn ph¸p vµ ph−¬ng tiÖn vÒ tæ chøc vµ kü thuËt nh»m
phßng ngõa sù t¸c ®éng cña c¸c yÕu tè cã h¹i trong s¶n xuÊt ®èi víi ng−êi lao ®éng.
12)Tai n¹n lao ®éng: tai n¹n x¶y ra g©y t¸c h¹i ®Õn c¬ thÓ ng−êi lao ®éng cña c¸c yÕu tè
nguy hiÓm vµ cã h¹i trong s¶n xuÊt.
13)ChÊn th−¬ng: chÊn th−¬ng g©y ra ®èi víi ng−êi lao ®éng trong s¶n xuÊt do kh«ng tu©n
theo c¸c yªu cÇu vÒ an toµn lao ®éng. NhiÔm ®éc cÊp tÝnh ®−îc coi nh− chÊn th−¬ng.
14)BÖnh nghÒ nghiÖp: bÖnh ph¸t sinh do t¸c ®éng cña ®iÒu kiÖn lao ®éng cã h¹i ®èi víi
ng−êi lao ®éng.
II.Ph−¬ng ph¸p nghiªn cøu m«n häc:
-Nghiªn cøu b¶o hé lao ®éng lµ ®Ó t¹o ra ®−îc c¸c ®iÒu kiÖn lao ®éng an toµn vµ vÖ sinh,
®ång thêi ®¹t n¨ng suÊt lao ®éng cao nhÊt.
-B¶o hé lao ®éng trong XDCB cã liªn quan ®Õn nhiÒu m«n häc nh− vËt lý, ho¸ häc, to¸n häc,
nhiÖt kü thuËt, c¬ kÕt cÊu..., ®Æc biÖt ®èi víi m«n kü thuËt thi c«ng, tæ chøc thi c«ng, m¸y x©y
dùng. Do ®ã nghiªn cøu m«n häc nµy cÇn vËn dông nh÷ng kiÕn thøc c¸c m«n häc liªn quan
nãi trªn; ®ång thêi qua nghiªn cøu, bæ sung cho c¸c m«n häc nµy ®−îc hoµn chØnh h¬n trªn
quan ®iÓm b¶o hé lao ®éng.
-Néi dung nghiªn cøu b¶o hé lao ®éng lµ:![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image002.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image008.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image010.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image011.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image012.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image013.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image015.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image016.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image017.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image018.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image020.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image021.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image022.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image023.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image024.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image025.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image026.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image013.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image018.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image027.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image028.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image029.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image030.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image024.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image031.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image032.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image033.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image034.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image035.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image036.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image037.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image038.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image039.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image016.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image040.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image041.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image042.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image043.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image044.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image045.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image016.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image046.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image047.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image048.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image018.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image027.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image049.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image050.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image051.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image052.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image053.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image054.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image039.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image012.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image013.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image055.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image033.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image056.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image057.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image058.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image059.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image060.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image061.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image017.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image062.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image020.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image063.gif)
-4-
· Ph¶i tiÕn hµnh ph©n tÝch c¸c nguyªn nh©n chÊn th−¬ng vµ bÖnh nghÒ nghiÖp trong thi
c«ng x©y dùng, nguyªn nh©n ph¸t sinh ch¸y næ trªn c«ng tr−êng.
· X¸c ®Þnh ®−îc nh÷ng quy luËt ph¸t sinh nhÊt ®Þnh cña nh÷ng nguyªn nh©n ®ã, cho
phÐp thÊy tr−íc ®−îc nh÷ng nguy c¬ tai n¹n, nh÷ng yÕu tè ®éc h¹i vµ nguy c¬ ch¸y næ
trong s¶n xuÊt.
· §Ò ra c¸c biÖn ph¸p phßng ngõa vµ lo¹i trõ nguyªn nh©n ph¸t sinh cña chóng, ®¶m b¶o
tiÕn hµnh c¸c qu¸ tr×nh thi c«ng x©y dùng an toµn, vÖ sinh vµ an toµn chèng ch¸y.
III.Nh÷ng quan ®iÓm trong c«ng t¸c b¶o hé lao ®éng:
-B¶o hé lao ®éng lµ chÝnh s¸ch lín cña §¶ng vµ Nhµ N−íc ViÖt Nam. C¸c quan ®iÓm c¬ b¶n
®· ®−îc thÓ hiÖn trong s¾c lÖnh 29/SL ngµy 12/03/1947, trong HiÕn ph¸p n¨m 1958 vµ 1992,
Ph¸p lÖnh B¶o hé lao ®éng n¨m 1991 vµ trong Bé luËt Lao ®«ng n¨m 1994. Cô thÓ lµ:
· Con ng−êi lµ vèn quý nhÊt cña x· héi: ng−êi lao ®éng võa lµ ®éng lùc, võa lµ môc tiªu
ph¸t triÓn x· héi. B¶o hé lao ®éng lµ mét phÇn quan träng, lµ bé phËn kh«ng thÓ t¸ch
rêi cña chiÕn l−îc ph¸t triÓn kinh tÕ x· héi. Lao ®éng lµ søc chÝnh cña sù tiÕn bé con
ng−êi.
· B¶o hé lao ®éng ph¶i thùc hiÖn ®ång thêi víi qu¸ tr×nh s¶n xuÊt: khi nµo vµ ë ®©u cã
ho¹t ®éng lao ®éng s¶n xuÊt th× khi ®ã vµ ë ®ã ph¶i cã tæ chøc c«ng t¸c B¶o hé lao
®éng.
· C«ng t¸c b¶o hé lao ®éng ph¶i thÓ hiÖn ®Çy ®ñ 3 tÝnh chÊt: khoa häc kü thuËt, luËt
ph¸p vµ quÇn chóng míi ®¹t hiÖu qu¶ cao.
· Ng−êi sö dông lao ®éng chÞu tr¸ch nhiÖm chÝnh trong viÖc b¶o hé lao ®éng cho ng−êi
lao ®éng: Nhµ n−íc b¶o ®¶m quyÒn ®−îc b¶o hé cña ng−êi lao ®éng vµ lîi Ých hîp
ph¸p ng−êi lao ®éng th«ng qua ph¸p luËt vÒ b¶o hé lao ®éng.
§3 hÖ thèng ph¸p luËt vµ c¸c quy ®Þnh vÒ b¶o hé lao ®éng
I.Néi dung chñ yÕu cña luËt ph¸p b¶o hé lao ®éng:
-HÖ thèng c¸c v¨n b¶n ph¸p luËt bao gåm:
· Tiªu chuÈn, quy ph¹m kü thuËt an toµn.
· Tiªu chuÈn vÖ sinh lao ®éng.
· Quy ph¹m qu¶n lý vµ c¸c chÕ ®é cô thÓ.
⇒Nh»m phôc vô môc tiªu ®¶m b¶o an toµn tÝnh m¹ng vµ søc khoÎ lao ®éng trong s¶n xuÊt.
II.Môc tiªu c«ng t¸c b¶o hé lao ®éng:
-Môc tiªu c«ng t¸c b¶o hé lao ®éng lµ ®¶m b¶o cho ng−êi lao ®éng kh«ng bÞ èm ®au, bÖnh
tËt, tai n¹n do t¸c ®éng cña c¸c yÕu tè nguy hiÓm, cã h¹i trong lao ®éng s¶n xuÊt th«ng qua
hÖ thèng luËt ph¸p, chÝnh s¸ch vµ c¸c gi¶I ph¸p vÒ khoa häc kü thuËt, kinh tÕ, x· héi, tuyªn
truyÒn giao dôc, tæ chøc lao ®éng vµ sù tu©n thñ néi quy, quy tr×nh, quy ph¹m an toµn vµ vÖ
sinh lao ®éng cña ng−êi sö dông lao ®éng vµ cña ng−êi lao ®éng.
1.Ph¹m vi ®èi t−îng cña c«ng t¸c b¶o hé lao ®éng:
a/Ng−êi lao ®éng:![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image002.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image008.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image010.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image011.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image012.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image013.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image015.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image016.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image017.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image018.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image020.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image021.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image022.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image023.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image024.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image025.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image026.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image013.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image018.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image027.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image028.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image029.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image030.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image024.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image031.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image032.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image033.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image034.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image035.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image036.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image037.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image038.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image039.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image016.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image040.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image041.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image042.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image043.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image044.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image045.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image016.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image046.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image047.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image048.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image018.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image027.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image049.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image050.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image051.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image052.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image053.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image054.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image039.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image012.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image013.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image055.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image033.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image056.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image057.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image058.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image059.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image060.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image061.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image017.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image062.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image020.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image063.gif)
-5-
-Lµ ph¶i kÓ c¶ ng−êi häc nghÒ, tËp nghÒ, thö viÖc ®−îc lµm trong ®iÒu kiÖn an toµn, vÖ sinh,
kh«ng bÞ tai n¹n lao ®éng, kh«ng bÞ bÖnh nghÒ nghiÖp; kh«ng ph©n biÖt ng−êi lao ®éng trong
c¬ quan, doanh nghiÖp cña Nhµ n−íc hay trong c¸c thµnh phÇn kinh tÕ kh¸c; kh«ng ph©n biÖt
ng−êi ViÖt Nam hay ng−êi n−íc ngoµi.
b/Ng−êi sö dông lao ®éng:
-ë c¸c doanh nghiÖp Nhµ n−íc, c¸c doanh nghiÖp vµ c¬ së s¶n xuÊt kinh doanh, dÞch vô
thuéc c¸c thµnh phÇn kinh tÕ kh¸c, c¸c c¸ nh©n cã sö dông lao ®éng ®Ó tiÕn hµnh c¸c ho¹t
®éng s¶n xuÊt, kinh doanh.
-C¸c doanh nghiÖp cã vèn ®Çu t− n−íc ngoµi, c¸c ®¬n vÞ xÝ nghiÖp, s¶n xuÊt kinh doanh, dÞch
vô c¸c s¬ quan hµnh chÝnh sù nghiÖp, tæ chøc chÝnh trÞ x· héi, ®oµn thÓ nh©n d©n, c¸c doanh
nghiÖp thuéc lùc l−îng Qu©n ®éi Nh©n d©n, C«ng an Nh©n d©n, c¸c c¬ quan tæ chøc n−íc
ngoµi hoÆc quèc tÕ t¹i ViÖt Nam cã sö dông lao ®éng lµ ng−êi ViÖt Nam.
⇒ cã tr¸ch nhiÖm tæ chøc thùc hiÖn ph¸p luËt vÒ b¶o hé lao ®éng trong ®¬n vÞ m×nh.
2.C¸c quy ®Þnh vÒ kü thuËt an toµn vµ vÖ sinh lao ®éng:
a) Nhµ n−íc ban hµnh tiªu chuÈn kü thuËt an toµn, vÖ sinh lao ®éng, quy ph¹m qu¶n lý
®èi víi tõng lo¹i m¸y, thiÕt bÞ, c«ng tr×nh, kho tµng, ho¸ chÊt n¬i lµm viÖc. Ng−êi sö
dông lao ®éng ph¶i c¨n cø ®Ó x©y dùng néi quy, quy tr×nh lµm viÖc an toµn. Tiªu
chuÈn an toµn vÖ sinh lµ tiªu chuÈn b¾t buéc thùc hiÖn.
b) Khi lËp luËn chøng kinh tÕ kü thuËt c¸c dù ¸n x©y dùng míi hoÆc c¶i t¹o, më réng c¬
së s¶n xuÊt; sö dông, b¶o qu¶n, l−u gi÷ c¸c lo¹i m¸y, thiÕt bÞ, vËt t− cã yªu cÇu nghiÖm
nghÆt vÒ an toµn vÖ sinh lao ®éng th× chñ ®Çu t− ph¶i b¶o vÖ vµ lËp luËn chøng vÒ an
toµn vµ vÖ sinh lao ®éng. C¬ quan thanh tra an toµn vµ vÖ sinh lao ®éng tham gia ®¸nh
gi¸ tÝnh kh¶ thi cña nã.
Danh môc c¸c c¬ së, m¸y mãc, thiÕt bÞ, vËt t−, c¸c chÊt cã yªu cÇu nghiªm ngÆt vÒ an
toµn vµ vÖ sinh lao ®éng do Bé L§-TB vµ XH vµ Bé Y tÕ ban hµnh.
c) Khi triÓn khai thùc hiÖn c¸c dù ¸n, chñ ®Çu t− ph¶i thùc hiÖn ®óng c¸c luËn chøng vÒ
an toµn vµ vÖ sinh lao ®éng trong dù ¸n ®· ®−îc Héi ®ång thÈm ®Þnh dù ¸n chÊp thuËn.
d) Ng−êi sö dông lao ®éng ph¶i ®Þnh kú kiÓm ®Þnh, b¶o d−ìng, söa ch÷a m¸y mãc, thiÕt
bÞ, nhµ x−ëng vµ ®Þnh kú ®o ®¹c c¸c yÕu tè vÖ sinh lao ®éng t¹i n¬i lµm viÖc vµ thùc
hiÖn c¸c biÖn ph¸p b¶o ®¶m ng−êi lao ®éng lu«n lu«n ®−îc lµm viÖc trong ®iÒu kiÖn
an toµn vµ vÖ sinh lao ®éng theo tiªu chuÈn ®· nªu ë ®iÓm a). C¸c m¸y mãc cã yªu cÇu
nghiªm ngÆt vÒ an toµn vµ vÖ sinh lao ®éng ®Òu ph¶I ®−îc ®¨ng ký, kiÓm ®Þnh vµ ®−îc
cÊp giÊy phÐp tr−íc khi ®−a vµ sö dông.
e) T¹i nh÷ng n¬i lµm viÖc cã yÕu tè nguy hiÓm, cã h¹i dÔ g©y tai n¹n lao ®éng, sù cè s¶n
xuÊt ®e do¹ ®Õn tÝnh m¹ng, søc khoÎ cña ng−êi lao ®éng, ng−êi sö dông lao ®éng ph¶i
lËp ph−¬ng ¸n xö lý sù cè trong tr−êng hîp khÈn cÊp; ph¶i trang bÞ ph−¬ng tiÖn cÊp
cøu kü thuËt, cÊp cøu y tÕ ®¶m b¶o øng cøu kÞp thêi, cã hiÖu qu¶. C¸c trang thiÕt bÞ
nµy ph¶i ®−îc ®Þnh kú kiÓm tra vÒ sè l−îng, chÊt l−îng vµ thuËn tiÖn khi sö dông.
f) C¸c c¬ quan ®¬n vÞ, doanh nghiÖp hoÆc c¸c c¸ nh©n muèn nhËp khÈu c¸c lo¹i m¸y,
thiÕt bÞ, vËt t−, c¸c chÊt cã yªu cÇu nghiªm ngÆt vÒ an toµn lao ®éng ®Òu ph¶i th«ng
qua c¬ quan thanh tra an toµn thuéc Bé L§-TB vµ XH thÈm ®Þnh vÒ mÆt an toµn tr−íc
khi xin Bé Th−¬ng m¹i cÊp giÊy phÐp nhËp khÈu.![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image002.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image008.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image010.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image011.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image012.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image013.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image015.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image016.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image017.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image018.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image020.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image021.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image022.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image023.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image024.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image025.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image026.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image013.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image018.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image027.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image028.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image029.gif) 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-6-
g) Ng−êi sö dông lao ®éng ph¶i trang thiÕt bÞ cho ng−êi lao ®éng (kh«ng thu tiÒn) c¸c
lo¹i thiÕt bÞ b¶o vÖ c¸ nh©n ®Ó ng¨n ngõa t¸c h¹i cña c¸c yÕu tè nguy hiÓm do c«ng
viÖc mµ c¸c biÖn ph¸p kü thuËt ch−a lo¹i trõ.
III.QuyÒn vµ nghÜa vô cña ng−êi sö dông lao ®éng vµ ng−êi lao ®éng:
1.§èi víi ng−êi sö dông lao ®éng:
a/Tr¸ch nhiÖm:
-Hµng n¨m ph¶i lËp kÕ ho¹ch, biÖn ph¸p an toµn, vÖ sinh lao ®éng vµ c¶i thiÖn ®iÒu kiÖn lao
®éng.
-Trang bÞ ®Çy ®ñ ph−¬ng tiÖn b¶o vÖ c¸ nh©n vµ c¸c chÕ ®é kh¸c vÒ an toµn, vÖ sinh lao ®éng
theo quy ®Þnh cña Nhµ n−íc.
-Cã kÕ ho¹ch gi¸m s¸t viÖc thùc hiÖn c¸c quy ®Þnh, néi quy, biªn ph¸p an toµn, vÖ sinh lao
®éng. Phèi hîp víi c«ng ®oµn c¬ së x©y dùng vµ duy tr× sù ho¹t ®éng cña m¹ng l−íi an toµn
viªn vµ vÖ sinh viªn.
-X©y dùng néi quy, quy tr×nh an toµn, vÖ sinh lao ®éng.
-Tæ chøc huÊn luyÖn, h−íng dÉn c¸c tiªu chuÈn, quy ®Þnh, biÖn ph¸p an toµn, vÖ sinh lao
®éng ®èi víi ng−êi lao ®éng.
-Tæ chøc kh¸m søc khoÎ ®Þnh kú cho ng−êi lao ®éng theo tiªu chuÈn chÕ ®é quy ®Þnh.
-ChÊp hµnh nghiªm chØnh quy ®Þnh khai b¸o, ®iÒu tra tai n¹n lao ®éng, bÖnh nghÒ
nghiÖp...víi Së L§-TB vµ XH, Së Y tÕ ®Þa ph−¬ng.
b/QuyÒn h¹n:
-Buéc ng−êi lao ®éng ph¶i tu©n thñ c¸c quy ®Þnh, néi dung, biÖn ph¸p an toµn, vÖ sinh lao
®éng.
-Khen th−ëng ng−êi lao ®éng chÊp hµnh tèt vµ kû luËt ng−êi vi ph¹m thùc hiÖn an toµn, vÖ
sinh lao ®éng.
-KhiÕu n¹i víi c¬ quan Nhµ n−íc cã thÈm quyÒn cña thanh tra viªn an toµn lao ®éng nh−ng
ph¶i nghiªm chØnh chÊp hµnh quyÕt ®Þnh ®ã.
2.§èi víi ng−êi lao ®éng:
a/NghÜa vô:
-ChÊp hµnh c¸c quy ®Þnh vÒ an toµn, vÖ sinh lao ®éng cã liªn quan ®Õn c«ng viÖc vfa nhiÖm
vô ®−îc giao.
-Ph¶i sö dông vµ b¶o qu¶n c¸c ph−¬ng tiÖn b¶o vÖ c¸ nh©n ®· ®−îc trang bÞ, cÊp ph¸t.
-Ph¶i b¸o c¸o kÞp thêi víi ng−êi cã tr¸ch nhiÖm khi ph¸t hiÖn nguy c¬ g©y t¹i n¹n lao ®éng,
bªnh nghÒ nghiÖp hoÆc c¸c sù cè nguy hiÓm, tham gia cÊp cøu vµ kh¾c phôc hËu qu¶ tai n¹n
lao ®éng.
b/QuyÒn lîi:
-Yªu cÇu b¶o ®¶m ®iÒu kiÖn lµm viÖc an toµn, vÖ sinh còng nh− ®−îc cÊp c¸c thiÕt bÞ c¸ nh©n,
®−îc huÊn luyÖn biÖn ph¸p an toµn lao ®éng.
-Tõ chèi c¸c c«ng viÖc hoÆc rêi bá n¬i lµm viÖc khi thÊy râ nguy c¬ x¶y ra tai n¹n lao ®éng,
®e do¹ nghiªm träng ®Õn tÝnh m¹ng, søc khoÎ cña m×nh vµ sÏ kh«ng tiÕp tôc lµm viÖc nÕu
nh− thÊy nguy c¬ ®ã vÉn ch−a ®−îc kh¾c phôc.![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image002.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image008.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image010.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image011.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image012.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image013.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image015.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image016.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image017.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image018.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image020.gif) 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![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image030.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image024.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image031.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image032.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image033.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image034.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image035.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image036.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image037.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image038.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image039.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image016.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image040.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image041.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image042.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image043.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image044.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image045.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image016.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image046.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image047.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image048.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image018.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image027.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image049.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image050.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image051.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image052.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image053.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image054.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image039.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image012.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image013.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image055.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image033.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image056.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image057.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image058.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image059.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image060.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image061.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image017.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image062.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image020.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image063.gif)
-7-
-KhiÕu n¹i hoÆc tè c¸o víi c¬ quan Nhµ n−íc cã thÈm quyÒn khi sö dông lao ®éng vi ph¹m
quy ®Þnh cña Nhµ n−íc hoÆc kh«ng thùc hiÖn c¸c giao kÕt vÒ an toµn, vÖ sinh lao ®éng trong
hîp ®ång hoÆc tho¶ −íc lao ®éng.
4 qu¶n lý nhµ n−íc vÒ b¶o hé lao ®éng
Bé L§-TB vµ XH:
-X©y dùng, tr×nh c¬ quan cã thÈm quyÒn hoÆc ban hµnh c¸c v¨n b¶n ph¸p luËt, c¸c chÝnh
s¸ch, chÕ ®é.
-X©y dùng, ban hµnh vµ qu¶n lý thèng nhÊt quy ph¹m, tiªu chuÈn ph©n lo¹i lao ®éng, h−íng
d©n c¸c cÊp, ngµnh thùc hiÖn an toµn lao ®éng.
-Thanh tra, tæ chøc th«ng tin huÊn luyÖn, hîp t¸c víi n−íc ngoµi vµ c¸c tæ chøc quèc tÕ trong
lÜnh vùc an toµn lao ®éng.
Bé Y tÕ:
-X©y dùng, ban hµnh vµ qu¶n lý thèng nhÊt quy ph¹m vÖ sinh lao ®éng, tiªu chuÈn søc khoÎ
®èi víi c¸c nghÒ, c¸c c«ng viÖc.
-H−íng dÉn chØ ®¹o c¸c ngµnh, c¸c cÊp thùc hiÖn, thanh tra vÖ sinh lao ®éng, tæ chøc ®iÒu trÞ
bÖnh nghÒ nghiÖp.
Bé Khoa häc C«ng nghÖ vµ M«i tr−êng:
-Qu¶n lý thèng nhÊt viÖc nghªn cøu vµ øng dông khoa häc kü thuËt vÒ an toµn, vÖ sinh lao
®éng; ban hµnh hÖ thèng tiªu chuÈn, chÊt l−îng, quy c¸ch c¸c lo¹i ph−¬ng tiÖn b¶o vÖ c¸c
nh©n trong lao ®éng.
-Cïng víi Bé L§-TB vµ XH, Bé Y tÕ x©y dùng, ban hµnh vµ qu¶n lý hÖ thèng tiªu chuÈn kü
thuËt vÒ an toµn, vÖ sinh lao ®éng.
Bé Gi¸o dôc vµ §µo t¹o:
-ChØ ®¹o ®−a néi dung an toµn, vÖ sinh lao ®éng vµo gi¶ng d¹y ë c¸c tr−êng §¹i häc, tr−êng
kü thuËt nghiÖp vô, qu¶n lý vµ d¹y nghÒ.
UBND tØnh, thµnh phè trùc thuéc TW:
-Thùc hiÖn qu¶n lý Nhµ n−íc vÒ an toµn, vÖ sinh lao ®éng trong ®Þa ph−¬ng m×nh.
Thanh tra Nhµ n−íc vÒ an toµn, vÖ sinh lao ®éng:
-Thanh tra viÖc chÊp hµnh c¸c quy ®Þnh vÒ lao ®éng, vÒ an toµn, vÖ sinh lao ®éng.
-§iÒu tra tai n¹n lao ®éng vµ nh÷ng vi ph¹m tiªu chuÈn vÖ sinh lao ®éng.
-Gi¶i quyÕt khiÕu n¹i, tè c¸o cña ng−êi lao ®éng vÒ nh÷ng vi ph¹m ph¸p luËt lao ®éng.
-Xem xÐt viÖc tu©n thñ c¸c tiªu chuÈn an toµn lao ®éng, c¸c gi¶i ph¸p trong c¸c dù ¸n x©y
dùng, kiÓm tra vµ cho phÐp sö dông nh÷ng m¸y mãc, thiÕt bÞ, vËt t− cã yªu cÇu nghiªm ngÆt
vÒ an toµn lao ®éng.
Tæ chøc c«ng ®oµn:
-C«ng ®oµn lµ tæ chøc ®¹i diÖn cho ng−êi lao ®éng, b¶o vÖ quyÒn lîi cña ng−êi lao ®éng theo
Ph¸p luËt hiÖn hµnh vµ luËt C«ng ®oµn.
-Phèi hîp víi c¸c c¬ quan Nhµ n−íc nghiªn cøu øng dông kü thuËt an toµn b¶o hé lao ®éng,
x©y dùng tiªu chuÈn an toµn, vÖ sinh lao ®éng.![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image002.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image008.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image010.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image011.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image012.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image013.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image015.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image016.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image017.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image018.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image020.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image021.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image022.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image023.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image024.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image025.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image026.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image013.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image018.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image027.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image028.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image029.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image030.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image024.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image031.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image032.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image033.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image034.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image035.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image036.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image037.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image038.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image039.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image016.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image040.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image041.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image042.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image043.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image044.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image045.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image016.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image046.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image047.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image048.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image018.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image027.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image049.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image050.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image051.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image052.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image053.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image054.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image039.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image012.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image013.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image055.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image033.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image056.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image057.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image058.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image059.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image060.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image061.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image017.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image062.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image020.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image063.gif)
-8-
-Th«ng tin, tuyªn truyÒn, gi¸o dôc, vËn ®éng ng−êi lao ®éng chÊp hµnh Ph¸p luËt B¶o hé lao
®éng vµ cã quyÒn yªu cÇu ng−êi cã tr¸ch nhiÖm thùc hiÖn c¸c biÖn ph¸p b¶o ®¶m an toµn lao
®éng.
-Cö ®¹i diÖn tham gia ®iÒu tra c¸c vô tai n¹n lao ®éng, cã quyÒn kiÕn nghÞ c¸c c¬ quan Nhµ
n−íc hoÆc Toµ ¸n xö lý tr¸ch nhiÖm ®èi víi nh÷ng ng−êi ®Ó x¶y ra tai n¹n lao ®éng.
-Tham gia gãp ý víi ng−êi sö dông lao ®éng trong viÖc x©y dùng kÕ ho¹ch b¶o hé lao ®éng.
-X©y dùng vµ duy tr× ho¹t ®éng cña m¹ng l−íi an toµn viªn, vÖ sinh viªn, thay mÆt tËp thÓ
ng−êi lao ®éng lý tho¶ −íc tËp thÓ vÒ b¶o hé lao ®éng víi ng−êi sö dông lao ®éng.
§5 khai b¸o, kiÓm tra, ®¸nh gi¸ t×nh h×nh tai n¹n lao ®éng
I.Môc ®Ých:
-C«ng t¸c khai b¸o, ®iÒu tra ph¶i ®¸nh gi¸ ®−îc t×nh h×nh tai n¹n lao ®éng.
-Ph©n tÝch, x¸c ®Þnh c¸c nguyªn nh©n tai n¹n lao ®éng.
-§Ò ra c¸c biÖn ph¸p phßng ngõa, ng¨n chÆn c¸c tr−êng hîp tai n¹n t−¬ng tù hoÆc t¸i diÔn
-Ph©n tÝch râ tr¸ch nhiÖm ®èi víi ng−êi sö dông lao ®éng vµ thùc hiÖn chÕ ®é båi th−êng.
II.Kh¸i niÖm vÒ ®iÒu kiÖn lao ®éng, nguyªn nh©n tai n¹n lao ®éng, bÖnh nghÒ nghiÖp:
1.§iÒu kiÖn lao ®éng ngµnh x©y dùng:
-Ngµnh x©y dùng cã nhiÒu nghÒ vµ c«ng viÖc nÆng nhäc, khèi l−îng vÒ thi c«ng c¬ giíi vµ
lao ®éng thñ c«ng lín.
-C«ng nh©n x©y dùng phÇn lín ph¶i thùc hiÖn c«ng viÖc ngoµi trêi, chÞu ¶nh h−ëng xÊu cña
thêi tiÕt. Lao ®éng ban ®ªm trong nhiÒu tr−êng hîp thiÕu ¸nh s¸ng v× ®iÒu kiÖn hiÖn tr−êng
réng.
-NhiÒu c«ng viÖc ph¶i lµm trong m«i tr−êng « nhiÔm cña c¸c yÕu tè ®éc h¹i nh− bôi, tiÕng
ån, rung ®éng lín, h¬i khÝ ®éc.
-C«ng nh©n ph¶i lµm viÖc trong ®iÒu kiÖn di chuyÓn ngay trong mét c«ng tr−êng, m«i tr−êng
vµ ®iÒu kiÖn lao ®éng thay ®æi.
⇒§iÒu kiÖn lao ®éng trong ngµnh x©y dùng cã nhiÒu khã kh¨n, phøc t¹p, nguy hiÓm, ®éc
h¹i. Nh− vËy ph¶i hÕt søc quan t©m ®Õn c¶i thiÖn lao ®éng, ®¶m b¶o an toµn vµ vÖ sinh lao
®éng.
2.Tai n¹n lao ®éng vµ bÖnh nghÒ nghiÖp:
-Tai n¹n lao ®éng lµ tai n¹n lµm chÕt ng−êi hoÆc lµm tæn th−¬ng bÊt kú bé phËn, chøc n¨ng
nµo cña c¬ thÓ con ng−êi do t¸c ®éng ®ét ngét cña c¸c yÕu tè bªn ngoµi d−íi d¹ng c¬, lý, ho¸,
sinh häc x¶y ra trong qu¸ tr×nh lao ®éng.
-BÖnh nghÒ nghiÖp lµ bÖnh ph¸t sinh do t¸c ®éng mét c¸ch tõ tõ hoÆc cÊp tÝnh cña c¸c yÕu tè
®éc h¹i t¹o ra trong s¶n xuÊt lªn c¬ thÓ con ng−êi trong qu¸ tr×nh lao ®éng. Cã 1 sè bÖnh
nghÒ nghiÖp kh«ng ch÷a ®−îc vµ ®Ó l¹i di chøng nh−ng bÖnh nghÒ nghÖp cã thÓ phßng tr¸nh
®−îc.
→C¶ chÊn th−¬ng vµ bÖnh nghÒ nghiÖp ®Çy g©y huû ho¹i ®èi víi c¬ thÓ con ng−êi, chóng
kh¸c nhau ë chæ:
· ChÊn th−¬ng th× g©y t¸c dông mét c¸ch ®ét ngét.![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image002.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image008.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image010.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image011.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) 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-9-
· BÖnh nghÒ nghiÖp th× g©y ¶nh h−ëng tõ tõ trong thêi gian dµi lµm gi¶m dÇn vµ cuèi
cïng dÉn ®Õn mÊt kh¶ n¨ng lao ®éng.
3.Nguyªn nh©n g©y tai n¹n lao ®éng vµ bÖnh nghÒ nghiÖp:
-MÆc dï ch−a cã ph−¬ng ph¸p chung nhÊt ph©n tÝch chÝnh x¸c nguyªn nh©n tai n¹n cho c¸c
ngµnh nghÒ, lÜnh vùc s¶n xuÊt nh−ng cã thÓ ph©n tÝch c¸c nguyªn nh©n theo c¸c nhãm sau:
· Nguyªn nh©n kü thuËt:
Thao t¸c kü thuËt kh«ng ®óng, kh«ng thùc hiÖn nghiªm chØnh nh÷ng quy ®Þnh vÒ kü
thuËt an toµn, sö dông m¸y mãc kh«ng ®óng ®¾n.
ThiÕt bÞ m¸y mãc, dông cô háng.
Chæ lµm viÖc vµ ®i l¹i chËt chéi.
C¸c hÖ thèng che ch¾n kh«ng tèt, thiÕu hÖ thèng tÝn hiÖu, thiÕu c¬ cÊu an toµn hoÆc
c¬ cÊu an toµn bÞ háng, gia cè hè ®µo kh«ng ®¸p øng yªu cÇu...
Dông cô c¸ nh©n h− háng hoÆc kh«ng thÝch hîp...
· Nguyªn nh©n tæ chøc:
ThiÕu h−íng dÉn vÒ c«ng viÖc ®−îc giao, h−íng dÉn vµ theo dâi thùc hiÖn c¸c quy
t¾c kh«ng ®−îc thÊu triÖt...
Sö dông c«ng nh©n kh«ng ®óng nghÒ vµ tr×nh ®é nghiÖp vô.
ThiÕu vµ gi¸m s¸t kü thuËt kh«ng ®Çy ®ñ, lµm c¸c c«ng viÖc kh«ng ®óng quy t¾c an
toµn.
Vi ph¹m chÕ ®é lao ®éng.
· Nguyªn nh©n vÖ sinh m«i tr−êng:
M«i tr−êng kh«ng khÝ bÞ « nhiÔm h¬i, khÝ ®éc, cã tiÕng ån vµ rung ®éng lín.
ChiÕu s¸ng chæ lµm viÖc kh«ng ®Çy ®ñ hoÆc qu¸ chãi m¾t.
Kh«ng thùc hiÖn nghiªm chØnh c¸c yªu cÇu vÒ vÖ sinh c¸ nh©n...
§iÒu kiÖn vi khÝ hËu kh«ng tiÖn nghi.
· Nguyªn nh©n b¶n th©n
III.Ph−¬ng ph¸p khai b¸o, ®iÒu tra, ®¸nh gi¸ t×nh h×nh lao ®éng:
1.Khai b¸o ®iÒu tra:
-Khi x¶y ra tai n¹n lao ®éng, ng−êi sö dông lao ®éng ph¶i tæ chøc viÖc ®iÒu tra, lËp biªn b¶n,
cã sù tham gia cña BCH C§ c¬ së. Biªn b¶n ph¶i ghi ®Çy ®ñ diÔn biÕn cña vô tai n¹n, th−¬ng
tÝch n¹n nh©n, møc ®é thiÖt h¹i, nguyªn nh©n x¶y ra, quy tr¸ch nhiÖm ®Ó x¶y ra tai n¹n lao
®éng. Biªn b¶n cã ch÷ ký cña ng−êi lao ®éng vµ ®¹i diÖn BCH C§ c¬ së.
-TÊt c¶ c¸c vô tai n¹n lao ®éng, c¸c tr−êng hîp bÞ bªnh nghÒ nghiÖp ®Òu ph¶i ®−îc khai b¸o,
thèng kª vµ b¸o c¸o theo quy ®Þnh cña Bé L§-TB vµ XH, Bé Y tÕ. C«ng t¸c khai b¸o, ®iÒu tra
ph¶i n¾m v÷ng, kÞp thêi, ®¶m b¶o tÝnh kh¸ch quan, cô thÓ, chÝnh x¸c.
-Khi tai n¹n lao ®éng nhÑ, c«ng nh©n nghØ viÖc d−íi 3 ngµy:
· Qu¶n ®èc ph©n x−ëng, ®éi tr−ëng ®éi s¶n xuÊt ph¶i ghi sæ theo dâi tai n¹n lao ®éng
cña ®¬n vÞ m×nh, b¸o c¸o cho c¸n bé b¶o hé lao ®éng cña xÝ nghiÖp ®Ó ghi vµo sæ theo
dâi tai n¹n cÊp trªn.
· Cïng víi c«ng ®oµn ph©n x−ëng, ®éi s¶n xuÊt tæ chøc ngay viÖc kiÓm ®iÓm trong ®¬n
vÞ m×nh ®Ó t×m nguyªn nh©n tai n¹n, kÞp thêi cã biÖn ph¸p phßng ngõa cÇn thiÕt.![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image002.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image008.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image010.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image011.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image012.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image013.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image015.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image016.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image017.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image018.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image020.gif) 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![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image030.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image024.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image031.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image032.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image033.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image034.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image035.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image036.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image037.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image038.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image039.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image016.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image040.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image041.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image042.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image043.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image044.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image045.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image016.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image046.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image047.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image048.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image018.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image027.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image049.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image050.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image051.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image052.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image053.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image054.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image039.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image012.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image013.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image055.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image033.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image056.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image057.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image058.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image059.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image060.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image061.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image017.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image062.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image020.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image063.gif)
- 10 -
-Khi tai n¹n lao ®éng nhÑ, c«ng nh©n nghØ viÖc 3 ngµy trë lªn:
· Qu¶n ®èc ph©n x−ëng, ®éi tr−ëng ®éi s¶n xuÊt b¸o ngay sù viÖc cho gi¸m ®èc xÝ
nghiÖp biÕt, ghi sæ theo dâi ®ång thêi b¸o c¸o cho c¸n bé b¶o hé lao ®éng biÕt.
· Trong 24 giê kÓ tõ khi x¶y ra tai n¹n, cïng víi c«ng ®oµn ph©n x−ëng, ®éi s¶n xuÊt lËp
biªn b¶n ®iÒu tra tai n¹n göi cho gi¸m ®èc xÝ nghiÖp phª duyÖt.
- Khi tai n¹n lao ®éng nÆng, c«ng nh©n nghØ viÖc 14 ngµy trë lªn:
· Qu¶n ®èc ph©n x−ëng b¸o ngay sù viÖc cho gi¸m ®èc xÝ nghiÖp biÕt, gi¸m ®èc xÝ
nghiÖp cã tr¸ch nhiÖm b¸o c¸o ngay cho c¬ quan lao ®éng vµ Liªn hiÖp c«ng ®oµn ®Þa
ph−¬ng biÕt.
· Trong 24 giê kÓ tõ khi x¶y ra tai n¹n, gi¸m ®èc xÝ nghiÖp cïng víi c«ng ®oµn c¬ së tæ
chøc ®iÒu tra tr−êng hîp x¶y ra tai n¹n lao ®éng, nguyªn nh©n tai n¹n vµ x¸c ®Þnh
tr¸ch nhiÖm g©y ra tai n¹n.
· Sau khi ®iÒu tra, gi¸m ®èc xÝ nghiÖp ph¶i lËp biªn b¶n ®iÒu tra: nªu râ hoµn c¶nh vµ
tr−êng hîp x¶y ra, nguyªn nh©n tai n¹n, kÕt luËn vÒ tr¸ch nhiÖm ®Ó x¶y ra tai n¹n vµ
®Ò nghÞ xö lý, ®Ò ra c¸c biÖn ph¸p ng¨n ngõa t−¬ng tù.
- Tai n¹n chÕt ng−êi hoÆc tai n¹n nghiªm träng (lµm bÞ th−¬ng nhiÒu ng−êi cïng 1 lóc, trong
®ã cã ng−êi bÞ th−¬ng nÆng):
· Qu¶n ®èc xÝ nghiÖp ph¶i b¸o ngay sù viÖc cho c¬ quan lao ®éng, c«ng ®oµn, y tÕ ®Þa
ph−¬ng vµ c¬ quan qu¶n lý cÊp trªn trùc tiÕp biÕt. §èi víi tai n¹n chÕt ng−êi ph¶i b¸o
cho c«ng an, ViÖn KiÓm s¸t nh©n d©n ®Þa ph−¬ng, Bé L§-TB vµ XH, Tæng Liªn ®oµn
lao ®éng ViÖt Nam.
· C¸c c¬ quan cã tr¸ch nhiÖm ph¶i nhanh chãng tíi n¬i x¶y ra tai n¹n. ViÖc tæ chøc ®iÒu
tra nguyªn nh©n vµ x¸c ®Þnh tr¸ch nhiÖm ®Ó x¶y ra tai n¹n ph¶i ®−îc tiÕn hµnh trong
vßng 48 giê vµ do tiÓu ban ®iÒu tra thùc hiÖn.
· C¨n cø vµo kÕt qu¶ ®iÒu tra, tiÓu ban ®iÒu tra ph¶i lËp biªn b¶n nªu râ nªu râ hoµn
c¶nh vµ tr−êng hîp x¶y ra, nguyªn nh©n tai n¹n, kÕt luËn vÒ tr¸ch nhiÖm ®Ó x¶y ra tai
n¹n vµ ®Ò nghÞ xö lý, ®Ò ra c¸c biÖn ph¸p ng¨n ngõa tai n¹n t¸i diÔn.
· Biªn b¶n ®iÒu tra tai n¹n ph¶i ®−îc göi cho c¬ quan lao ®éng, y tÕ, c«ng ®oµn ®Þa
ph−¬ng, c¬ quan chñ qu¶n, Bé L§-TB vµ XH, Tæng Liªn ®oµn lao ®éng VN.
2.Ph−¬ng ph¸p ph©n tÝch nguyªn nh©n vµ ®¸nh gi¸ t×nh h×nh tai n¹n lao ®éng:
a/Ph−¬ng ph¸p ph©n tÝch nguyªn nh©n:
-ViÖc nghiªn cøu, ph©n tÝch nguyªn nh©n nh»m t×m ra ®−îc nh÷ng quy luËt ph¸t sinh nhÊt
®Þnh, cho phÐp thÊy ®−îc nh÷ng nguy c¬ tai n¹n. Tõ ®ã ®Ò ra biÖn ph¸p phßng ngõa vµ lo¹i
trõ chóng. Th«ng th−êng cã c¸c biÖn ph¸p sau ®©y:
1. Ph−¬ng ph¸p ph©n tÝch thèng kª:
· Dùa vµo sè liÖu tai n¹n lao ®éng, tiÕn hµnh thèng kª theo nghÒ nghiÖp, theo
c«ng viÖc, tuæi ®êi, tuæi nghÒ, giíi tÝnh, thêi ®iÓm trong ca, th¸ng vµ n¨m→tõ
®ã thÊy râ mËt ®é cña th«ng sè tai n¹n lao ®éng ®Ó cã kÕ ho¹ch tËp trung chØ
®¹o, nghiªn cøu c¸c biÖn ph¸p thÝch hîp ®Ó phßng ngõa.![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image002.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image008.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image010.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image011.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image012.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image013.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image015.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image016.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image017.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image018.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image020.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image021.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image022.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image023.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image024.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image025.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image026.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image013.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image018.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image027.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image028.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image029.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image030.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image024.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image031.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image032.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image033.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image034.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image035.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image036.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image037.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image038.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image039.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image016.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image040.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image041.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image042.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image043.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image044.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image045.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image016.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image046.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image047.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image048.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image018.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image027.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image049.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image050.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image051.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image052.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image053.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image054.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image039.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image012.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image013.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image055.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image033.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image056.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image057.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image058.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image059.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image014.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image060.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image061.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image017.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image062.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image020.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image063.gif)
- 11 -
· Sö dông ph−¬ng ph¸p nµy cÇn ph¶i cã thêi gian thu thËp sè liÖu vµ biÖn ph¸p ®Ò
ra chØ mang ý nghÜa chung chø kh«ng ®i s©u ph©n tÝch nguyªn nh©n cô thÓ cña
mçi vô tai n¹n.
2. Ph−¬ng ph¸p ®Þa h×nh:
· Dïng dÊu hiÖu cã tÝnh chÊt quy −íc ®¸nh dÊu ë nh÷ng n¬i hay x¶y ra tai n¹n, tõ
®ã ph¸t hiÖn ®−îc c¸c tai n¹n do tÝnh chÊt ®Þa h×nh.
· Ph−¬ng ph¸p nµy cÇn ph¶i cã thêi gian nh− ph−¬ng ph¸p thèng kª.
3. Ph−¬ng ph¸p chuyªn kh¶o:
· Nghiªn cøu c¸c nguyªn nh©n thuéc vÒ tæ chøc vµ kü thuËt theo c¸c sè liÖu
thèng kª.
· Ph©n tÝch sù phô thuéc cña nguyªn nh©n ®ã víi c¸c ph−¬ng ph¸p hoµn thµnh
c¸c qu¸ tr×nh thi c«ng vµ c¸c biÖn ph¸p an toµn ®· thùc hiÖn.
· Nªu ra c¸c kÕt luËn trªn c¬ së ph©n tÝch.
b/§¸nh gi¸ t×nh h×nh tai n¹n lao ®éng:
-§¸nh gi¸ t×nh h×nh tai n¹n lao ®éng kh«ng thÓ c¨n cø vµo sè l−îng tuyÖt ®èi tai n¹n ®· x¶y
mµ chñ yÕu c¨n cø vµo hÖ sè sau ®©y:
· HÖ sè tÇn suÊt chÊn th−¬ng Kts lµ tû sè gi÷a sè l−îng tai n¹n x¶y ra trong thêi gian x¸c
®Þnh vµ sè l−îng ng−êi lµm viÖc trung b×nh trong xÝ nghiÖp trong kho¶ng thêi gian
thèng kª.
Trong ®ã:
+S: sè ng−êi bÞ tai n¹n.
+N:sè ng−êi lµm viÖc b×nh qu©n trong thêi gian ®ã.
→Kts nãi lªn ®−îc møc ®é tai n¹n nhiÒu hay Ýt nh−ng kh«ng cho biÕt ®Çy ®ñ t×nh tr¹ng tai n¹n
nÆng hay nhÑ.
· HÖ sè nÆng nhÑ Kn lµ sè ngµy b×nh qu©n mÊt kh¶ n¨ng c«ng t¸c (nghØ viÖc) tÝnh cho
mçi lÇn bÞ tai n¹n:
D
S
Trong ®ã:
+D: tæng sè ngµy nghØ viÖc do tai n¹n lao ®éng g©y ra.
→Kn ch−a ph¶n ¸nh hÕt tai n¹n chÕt ng−êi vµ th−¬ng vong nghiªm träng lµm cho n¹n nh©n
mÊt hoµn toµn kh¶ n¨ng lao ®éng.
· HÖ sè tai n¹n chung Ktn:
→Ktn ®Æc tr−ng chÝnh x¸c h¬n vÒ møc ®é diÔn biÕn t×nh h×nh chÊn th−¬ng.![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image002.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image006.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image008.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image010.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image011.gif) ![](file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif) 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